PROBLEMS IN DOUBLING FARMER'S INCOME

"Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy.": M. K. Gandhi Agriculture is an economic activity that involves growing crops, fruits, vegetables, and flowers and rearing livestock. The word agriculture is derived from the Latin words ager meaning soil and culture meaning, cultivation. Two-thirds of India's population is still dependent on agriculture. Agriculture plays a vital role in India's economy. Nearly 55% of the population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities (census 2011) and it contributes % to the country's Gross Value Added (GVA) as per Economic Survey (2018-19) so it was involved in the lifestyle of every person in India so this is the reason M.K.Gandhi quoted agriculture as the backbone of Indian economy but during MODI 1.0 he said that his government is planning to double the farmer's income but it has not achieved till now because there are many internal and external problem within the agriculture sector.
PROBLEMS WITHIN THE INSTITUTION OF AGRICULTURE  
Agriculture is determined by several factors including
1) Cropping Pattern and correlation with Climatic Pattern: This period of the green revolution was primarily guided by the singular objective of attaining self-sufficiency in food, which may lead the nation to attain food security. By the late 1980s, India was able to manage self-sufficiency in food grains. During this period when the traditional cropping pattern of India got exposed to new inputs of farming and geographical& climatic dimensions of crop selectwasere undermined so the present climatic conditions were amplified by global warming and attended increasedeasedperature and making it vulnerable to climate change so the cropping pattern was introduced by green revolution must be changed as per the climatic changes one of the examples, Pokkali is a unique saline tolerant rice variety that is cultivated organically using extensive aquaculture in the water-logged coastal regions, spread in about 5000 hectares area in Alappuzha this type of rising is climate change resistance and has GI tag. 
2)Infrastructural Factors Problem of Irrigation 
Irrigation is one of the important inputs required for optimum growth of plants water-intensive crops such as rice, jute sugar cane etc. In India, more than half of the cultivated area still lacks irrigation infrastructure. These areas have the presence of dryland crops such pulses, millets, oilseeds etc. Irrigation not only affects the cropping patterns of a region but also influences the productivity and yields of various crops. About 80 per cent of the current water use is drawn by agriculture. Irrigated area accounts for nearly 48.8 per cent of the 140 million hectares (mha) of agricultural land in India. The remaining 51.2 per cent is rainfed. The increasing gap also impacts rainfed production in the country. The mean productivity of the rainfed area (71.62 ha) is about 1.1 tonne per ha compared to 2.8 tonnes per hectare of irrigated area.
3)Institutional Factors such as landholding size are some of the important determinants of Indian agriculture. Landholding size: Landholding size affects agricultural productivity. Farmers with small landholding sizes have no choice but to produce high returns per hectare through intensive production methods. Small size units resulted in wastage of resources and time as farmers had to invest huge sums in farm equipment such as pumps, wells etc. Also, small landholdings do not have economies of scale as a result farm outcome is low. Problems of small size land holdings are accentuated by fragmentation of landholdings.
4)Technological Factors   Technological factors pertain to HYV seeds, Chemical fertilizers.
Fertilizers: Fertilizers: Agriculture practice over the years has resulted in the loss of soil fertility. This fertility can be compensated by using chemical fertilizers. The introduction of new HYV seeds further increased the requirement for fertilizers for giving higher crop yields. High fertilizer consumption is observed in NW states of India and coastal states where the green revolution is introduced. Whereas in arid and semi-arid regions fertilizer consumption is low due to the cultivation of crops during the 1960s. such as pulses, millets etc. which were left out of the green revolution 
High yield Variety: Expansion of HYV seeds in food grain production has resulted in an increase in yield from 522 kg/ha (1950-51) to 2056 kg/ha in (2015-16). Whereas in crops such as pulses yield has remained low at 441 kg/ha (1950-51) to 789 kg/ha (2012-13) (data from ICAR) due to lack of HYV technology.
These are the main factors that influence Agriculture and the problems with the institution of agriculture make drain pockets of farmers, but the government's role is very important to eradicate this kind of problem.
Government’s role 
Government role in making doubling the farmer income for that government strategy was to provide input subsidy within the limitations of W.T.O agriculture subsidy but the amount of subsidy provided by the Indian government is very low compared to USA & China but government subsidy schemes like PM fasal Bheema yojana, Kisan yojana etc. are rational and but the definition Farmers have been irrationally defined so the schemes are diverted towards the minified accounts this is the main   problems at the input level 
Problems after harvest 
Cold storages are the main infrastructural block that should be available for the many farmers all over India and other food processing units also should establish to make a market for the Agri products but this is not available for many farmers and place of exports hub for Agri products with international standards which eliminates phytosanitary limitations are rampantly available to all farmers through this sector is in 15% growth this is not catering for India’s agriculture sector.
These are the problems that are associated with the input and output level of the agriculture sector which makes drain of pockets of farmers
Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy and the disguised & structural employment is one of the major constrain to the agriculture as well as the Indian economy so protecting agriculture and making horticulture, peri culture etc. should see as important as agriculture, the government should also take steps to make agriculture as an activity in pre & high school level which makes innovations & rise in entrepreneurs of agriculture by which can influence future India & Indian economy double the farmer's income.

CH.J.V.K.Sathya Swaroop


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